Student’s Exchange Program

Today I heard a story about Student’s Exchange Program and it was new for me. I knew that there are such kind programs but I have never been interested in it. Now I understand what it is and I want to get such experience. In my opinion, it would be very useful not only for my English knowledge but also for me like human being because it is a good chance to see a foreign country, to know their traditions, to communicate with other people and to earn money. I know a few people who traveled in that way and they all incite other to travel because it is not very useful but also funny. Moreover, they communicate with friends abroad and even come to them on holidays. So, I contemplate going to USA maybe next year and I hope that I will succeed.

Virginia shooting raises questions

Virginia shooting shook the world. How does one madman can make such damages? Why does such psycho live among normal people? How safe are we really? Nobody knows. So, I think it is necessary to consolidate gun control. In Lithuania is quite difficult to carry a gun legally but in USA it is easier. Also police have to do their work better, they must be on time in right place and do everything what they can. It is a pity that not always it is. But the most important thing I do know - we must be kind to people, no matter what their status may be. In that way we can avoid such catastrophes. When we encounter people, we do not know the psychological status of these people. That is why it is just "good" to be "kind." In my point of view, somebody did harm to that man. That is why he has done such a terrible thing.

Employment law. Summary

Employment law protects people when they work and are paid by employers. The history of employment law began with the industrialization of Western countries in the 19^th century. When workers began to organize themselves more systematically governments began to think about legislation and toward the end of the century, laws were passed. In the 20^th century legislation already guaranteed a minimum wage for all workers; prevented employees from being dismissed without reason, period of advance notice, or compensation; and required employers to give their employees a written statement of the main term of their employment contract. The 1978 Employment Protection Act requires that employees be given a written summary of their conditions of work because it gives workers the right to compensation if they are dismissed unfairly or made redundant; also gives women the right to time off. Unfortunately, not only people who work part-time have little protection but also men over 65 and women over 60 are not entitled to compensation for redundancy. The 1970 Equal Pay Act, the 1976 Race Relations Act, and the 1975 and 1986 Sex Discrimination Acts attempts to ensure equality of opportunity whatever race or sex and people complaining of discrimination have the right to take their case to an industrial tribunal. European court law sometimes gives better protection to employees than English law but there are some discussions witch divide EC such as a standard minimum wage or Sunday trading. In Britain stores can sell whiskey but not coffee; magazines but not books; light bulbs for cars but not for houses on Sundays in order to ensure that shop workers get at least one day’s holiday a week, for religious reasons as well. The right to strike was one of the first employment rights to be recognized by law and since the 1984 Trade Union Act, all strikes in Britain must be supported by a majority vote of the workers in a secret ballot. There are fewer employment laws in Japan than in many Western countries because they have to work very long hours and often do not ask for overtime payment; it is unusual for an employee to take legal action again his employer; very few women enjoy equal employment opportunities; many jobs remain closed to workers of non-Japanese origin. On the other hand, Japanese workers enjoy more security than many employees in western countries because once hired, they are unlikely to be dismissed and insurance benefits or recreational facilities are usually made available to them by their companies. One legal development in Japan is law suits against the employers of workers who had died of not a specific accident in the workplace or industrial-related disease, but general stress brought about by overwork.

Computer frauds

Computer fraud is the act of using a computer to commit fraud (a deception deliberately practiced in order to secure unlawful gain). Computer fraud is a criminal offense punishable by jail time and fines under the Computer fraud and Abuse Act. The Computer fraud and Abuse Act is a law passed by the United States Congress in 1986 intended to reduce "hacking" of computer systems. It was amended in 1994, 1996 and in 2001 by the USA PATRIOT Act.
Computer fraud covers a variety of activities wich are harmful to people. Computer fraud is using the computer in some way to commit dishonesty by obtaining an advantage or causing loss of something of value. This could take form in a number of ways, including program fraud, hacking, e-mail hoaxes, auction and retail sales schemes, investment schemes and people claiming to be experts on subject areas. Students who may be committing a computer fraud or being taken advantage of by a person committing computer fraud can easily be using school equipment when this takes place. That is why it is important for educators to have knowledge of this area of computer crime.
On the contrary students in any grade level can easily be victims of computer fraud. Educating the students what to look for to be able to trust the information that they are receiving over the Internet is a useful skill for the students to learn. One issue of computer fraud that educators and students will most likely encounter would be obtaining false information while researching on the Internet. Students must learn to be skeptical of information on the Internet and learn the signs of good and bad websites. The students should also be aware of other computer frauds such as spyware and viruses, pop-up advertisements, hackers, health frauds, hoaxes and other scams that people try to use on the Internet.
Fraud classification: the alteration or copying of system input; the theft of processing capabilities due to unauthorized use; the unauthorized duplication, deletion, modification, or installation of software; the unauthorized duplication, deletion, or modification of data; the theft or misuse of system output.
Anyone who uses the Internet is a potential candidate for being a victim of computer crime. The following guidelines are set up by the Department of Justice to help computer users in the section titled How Should I Deal With Internet Fraud? So, Don't Judge by Initial Appearances; Be Careful About Giving Out Valuable Personal Data Online; Be Especially Careful About Online Communications With Someone Who Conceals His True Identity and Watch Out for "Advance-Fee" Demands.
Computer fraud can be the most devastating thing that will ever happen to you and it is dangerous because you can become a victim without even knowing about it. If you want to keep computer fraud from happening to you, then you owe it to yourself to invest in solid protection against computer fraud and to have Secure Internet Explorer Browser Security and Private Internet Explorer privacy manager on your PC.
If you have been the victim of internet or computer fraud, you may wish to speak with a qualified attorney to discover your legal rights and options in a case. If you have suffered losses because of internet or computer fraud you may be able to recover your damages.

Civil and public law. Summary

The important difference between private and public law is that civil law solves issues among citizens within a country, whereas public law solves issues between citizens and the state, or between states. The main categories of English civil law are contracts, torts, trusts, probate, family law and the main categories of public law are crimes, Constitutional Law, International law. English criminal court may compel a defendant to pay a fine for his wrongdoing and sometimes to pay the legal costs of the prosecution, but the claim for victim’s compensation is pursued in a civil, not a criminal, action, whereas in France a victim may be awarded damages by a criminal court judge. The standards of proof are higher in a criminal action than in a civil one because loser takes the risk not only of financial penalties but also of sending to prison therefore his chances of avoiding civil liability are not good. The guilt of a criminal must be proven by the prosecution “beyond reasonable doubt” but the plaintiff in a civil action is necessary to prove his case “on the balance of probabilities” in English law. Evidences, which show that defendant is liable, help to award damages, which the defendant should pay to the plaintiff. Thus, the loser of the action must to pay amount of money to the winner of the action due to his injury. In any court disobeying loser may constitute a criminal conduct.

Social work is my future profession

To start with, a social worker is a human being like other people and he has some life experience, requirements, personal lifestyle and value system. Furthermore, he has skills of communicating with individuals and their groups. When social worker renders assistance, he uses knowledge, skills (observation, listening, asking, attention’s concentration, management, interpretation, communication) and values, which help him to understand people in different situations.
What is more, the social worker like any other profession worker has some functions, like helping people to get social services, which are necessary for them, ensuring consultation or therapy, helping to get new social service and guarantying old social services, taking part in publishing of appropriate laws. Therefore, he must identify social problem, plan support, render support, collaborate with social partners, improve on professional activity. He is a middleman between people and the state.
Thus, we are learning all these things and more, and to my mind it is a very interesting profession. I think I would be able to face with such kind of people and with their problems because I like communicating with people and I want to help them.
In my view, a social worker must be communicative, virtuous, conducive, responsible, trusting, helpful, interested, flexible, he must sum up the situation and never ever betray people who trust him. This person must love his work and be committed, true to life. Then he will be a really good man, a worker as well.